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Each additional 50 mg dose will produce concentrations comparable to the very first dose. However, the concentration we observe will be the sum of concentrations remaining from each prior dose combined with concentrations from the most recent dose.įor example, if a third dose is delivered at the 12-hour time point, it will also produce an initial concentration of 50 mg/L. The concentration remaining from the second dose would be 12.5 mg/L, and the concentration remaining from the first dose would be 3.125 mg/L. If we combine all of these concentrations, our observed concentration would be 50 mg/L + 12.5 mg/L + 3.125 mg/L ≈ 65.6 mg/L. This gives us a combined observed concentration of 62.5 mg/L.
#WINNONLIN AUC CALCULATION PLUS#
Immediately following the second dose, we will have 12.5 mg/L remaining from the original dose, plus an additional 50 mg/L resulting from the second dose that was just administered. What if a second 500 mg dose is given at the six-hour mark? For most drugs, the concentrations produced by this second dose would be comparable to concentrations produced by the first dose. However, at the six-hour time point we still have 12.5 mg/L of drug remaining from the first dose, as described above. If no further doses are administered, the concentration will continue to decline by an additional 50% every three hours.
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If our hypothetical drug has a half-life of three hours, we will observe a concentration of: We frequently describe this decline in terms of half-life (the time required for drug concentration to decline by 50%). The human body has multiple mechanisms ( hepatic, renal, etc.) that allow drugs and other substances to be eliminated from the body. As a result, immediately following the initial bolus dose, drug concentrations will begin to decline.
#WINNONLIN AUC CALCULATION FULL#
Let’s assume we administer 500 mg of a drug into a hypothetical volume of 10 liters. Since the full IV bolus dose is administered at once, we will see an initial concentration of 50 mg/L (500 mg/10 L of volume = 50 mg/L). Single-Dose PK Behaviorįor the purpose of this discussion, we will use single-dose IV bolus administration as the starting point. Most prescription drugs are administered repeatedly for a limited duration (for acute illnesses) or for an extended period of time (for chronic conditions). As such, it is important to understand the pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of drugs when they are administered according to repeat-dose regimens. Content last updated on November 17, 2021